Most of Lithuania was annexed by Russia in 1795. Independent Lithuania was re-established in 1918, formed from Kovno, eastern Vilna and northern Suwalki gubernias (and a tiny piece of East Prussia).

The Vilna area was annexed by Poland between 1919 and 1939 and the capital was Kaunas (Kovno). It became a republic of the U.S.S.R in 1940 to 1989 and the capital was Vilnius (Vilna). Lithuania became independent in 1990 and the capital is Vilnius.

Please refer to the Russian Empire gallery for record-keeping details for Kovno/Vilna gubernia areas.

Please refer to the Polish gallery for record-keeping details for Suwalk gubernia areas.

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